Angiogenic effects of recombinant thymosin beta4 in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model / 동물의과학연구지

Recombinant thymosin beta4 (rTbeta4) has been reported to migrate and promote vascularization, wound-healing, and hair growth in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model of peripheral vascular disease. C57BL/6 mice (11-weeks-old) were anesthetized and an ischemic model was made by cutting the right aorta femoralis. The ischemic group was intraperitoneally administered with saline (300 microL/mouse) and the muscular administration group received rTbeta4 (150 microg in 300 microL of saline) or rTbeta4 (150 microg in 300 microL saline) to the abdominal cavity at 3-day intervals for 21 days. Myoatrophy of the ischemic group was observed compared to the normal control group. Generation of adjacent vessels was carried out in the rTbeta4 administration group compared to the ischemic group. The biopsy results showed significant fibrosis around the muscular undersurface and perimysium in the musculus quadriceps femoris of the ischemic group, whereas partial fibrosis was observed in the perimysium and endomysium in the rTbeta4 administration group. Immunostaining indicated that expression levels of hypoxiainducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor-1 (VEGF-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the rTbeta4 group were higher than those of the ischemic group. Western blotting showed that expression levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF-1, and eNOS in the rTbeta4 group were higher than those of the ischemic group. In conclusion, rTbeta4 increases expression levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF-1, and eNOS, resulting in angiogenesis.

Correction of Caudal Septal Deformity via Open Approach / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Caudal septal deformities are surgically challenging disorders. A number of corrective programs have been described with variable success. Causes of frequent failure in correction of the caudal deformities have been conservatism and unrealistic dependence on incisional method such as cross hatching, and limited comprehension of the extrinsic and intrinsic forces causing caudal deformities. We reviewed and evaluated the surgical techniques for correction of the caudal septal deformities performed at our institution. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on 24 patients who underwent septal surgeries for severe caudal septal deformities between Feb 2001 to May 2004. With open approach, all deforming forces around the caudal septum were released and definite intraoperative correction was possible. RESULTS: All 24 patients showed definite improvement in terms of functional and anesthetic outcomes. Potential complications related with structural instability as well as other inherent complications of nasal surgery have not been encountered. CONCLUSION: For successful correction of the caudal septal deformities, completed exposure and releasing all the extrinsic forces around the caudal deformities via open rhinoplasty approach is desirable to avoid frequent recurrences.

Expression of CD44s, v3 and v6 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion through binding to extracelluar matrix molecules such as hyaluronan. Multiple isoforms of CD44 are generated by alternative splicing of 10 separate exons (v1-v10). Some of them have been noted as markers for tumor metastasis and prognosis in several studies. We investigated whether CD44s, v3 and v6 may be a useful markers in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Paraffin embedded tissue sections, which was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck from 41 patients were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal Ab of CD44s, v3 and v6. The results were compared with the primary tumor status, lymph node metastasis, histopathologic differentiation and survival. RESULTS: Various levels of immunoreactivities of the CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 were detected dominantly in cancer cell membrane. The positive rate of CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 were 59%, 66%, 71%, respectively. The decreased expression of CD44s and CD44v6 was significantly correlated to lymph node metastasis but was not affected by T-stage, histopathologic differentiation and survival. CD44v3 had no correlation with the T-stage, N-stage, pathologic differentiation nor survival. CONCLUSION: The expression of CD44s and CD44v6 in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma may be a biologic marker for lymph node metastasis.

Clinical Study of the Hemangioma of the Head and Neck in Adult / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors in children, but are sometimes reported in adults. There are many reports about hemangioma in children, but rare in adults. We intended to identify the clinical manifestations of hemangiomas and their treatment modalities. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We reviewed medical records of 25 patients over 20 years old, who underwent operation and were diagnosed with hemangioma from 1985 to 1999. RESULTS: There were 12 males and 13 females with their age ranging from 20 to 65 years, and a peak incidence was observed in the third decade (44%). The diagnoses were classified depending on histopathologic findings, and they were cavernous hemangioma in 19 cases (76%), capillary hemangioma in 3 cases (12%) and mixed hemangioma (12%). The most prevalent site was tongue (36%), followed by nasal cavity (16%), parotid (12%) and buccal area (8%). All patients underwent surgical excision and radiation therapy was added in 2 cases. Postoperative recurrences were observed in 3 cases (14%). CONCLUSION: Unlike hemangiomas in children, hemangiomas in adults are less likely to undergo spontaneous involution and they rarely resolve. Therefore, the research recommends that more active interventions like excision should be considered rather than observation for adult hemangiomas.

The Expression Pattern and the Prognostic Value of p53, p21, and Bax Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Cancer / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The wild-type p53 protein activates different tumor suppressor genes, leading to the Gl arrest following DNA damage. P21 and bax play a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis. The authors wanted to find out the relationship among p53, p21 and bax and the correlation between the staining results and dinicopathologic factors. We also assessed their influence on survival in the oral cavity cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin embedded tissue sections were made from squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity from 46 patients. Tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained for the expression of p53, p21 and bax. Results were then compared with the size of primary tumor, lymph node metastasis and histopathalogic diffrentiation. The probability of survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity of the p53 and p21 were detected dominantly in the nuclei at various levels, and immunoreativity of bax was detected in the cytoplasm, The positive rates of p53, p21, and bax were 54.4%, 58.7%, 26.1%, respectively. The positive rate of p53 and the negative rate of bax expression were significantly increased with T-stage but were not affected by N-stage and histopathologic differentiation. P21 had no correlation with the T-stage, N-stage nor with pathologic differentiation. In the multivariate analysis, neither the single oncoprotein nor the combinations of p53, p21, bax had influence on survival statistically. CONCLUSION: The bax protein and mutant p53 protein can be a biological marker for primary tumor progression.